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The Something New That You Learned Today
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bobbdobbs
I haven't seen my friends in so long
Joined: Thu Apr 23, 2009 7:10 pm Posts: 5490 Location: just behind you!
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There you are a potential answer to your question clicky | | | | Quote: No one fully understands why adjuvants boost the effectiveness of nonliving vaccines. Several theories have been proposed but none have been widely accepted.
The National Jewish team was investigating a phenomenon known as MHC class II signaling, which occurs during interactions between B cells and T cells. When properly stimulated, B cells mature into plasma cells, which release antibodies, one of the immune system's major disease-fighting tools. However, researchers had noticed that B cells must be prepared, or primed, if they are to be stimulated through this signaling pathway. If not primed, they will do nothing or even self-destruct. Priming, however, had been mainly observed in cell cultures. The National Jewish team wanted to determine whether priming occurs in animals, learn how it occurs, and how it might affect the overall antibody response.
They discovered that the injection of the adjuvant alum alone could prime B cells in mice. Then they discovered that cells bearing a marker known as Gr1 appeared in the spleen shortly after the injection of alum into mice. Gr1 is a marker found on a variety of immune-system cells, including granulocytes. This group of Gr1 cells in the spleen had not been previously recognized, and researchers have not yet completely characterized them. But they did show that the Gr1 cells secrete interleukin-4 and that both the Gr1 cells and the interleukin-4 are necessary for the priming of the B cells. When they inactivated the Gr1 cells, mice responded to a vaccine containing the adjuvant with fewer B cells and fewer antibodies.
"Our research shows that alum injection triggers the accumulation of Gr1 cells in the spleen, which prime B cells and facilitate their response to vaccines," said senior author John Cambier, Ph.D.,
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_________________Finally joined Flickr
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Thu Jul 30, 2009 7:46 am |
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RedEyes
Occasionally has a life
Joined: Thu Apr 23, 2009 6:13 pm Posts: 228
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That box you see at the top of email newletters etc (usually with headlines, key points and so on) is called a Johnson Box.
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Thu Jul 30, 2009 2:38 pm |
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Zippy
Spends far too much time on here
Joined: Thu Apr 23, 2009 6:20 pm Posts: 3838 Location: Here Abouts
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*Snigger*
_________________The Official "Saucy Minx" This above all: To Thine Own Self Be True "Red sky at night, Shepherds Delight"..Which is a bit like Shepherds Pie, but with whipped topping instead of mashed potato.
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Thu Jul 30, 2009 2:43 pm |
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tombolt
Spends far too much time on here
Joined: Fri Apr 24, 2009 8:38 am Posts: 2967 Location: Dorchester, Dorset
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That my credit rating isn't as fubared as I thought it was and I can transfer my balance for 12 months interest free.
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Thu Jul 30, 2009 3:45 pm |
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ProfessorF
What's a life?
Joined: Thu Apr 23, 2009 7:56 pm Posts: 12030
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The South American fur seal derives it's motion under water from it's front flippers, unlike a true seal which uses it's rear flippers. The fur seal can attain a speed of 25mph under water, and can easily out pace a human on the flat, on dry land.
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Thu Jul 30, 2009 5:24 pm |
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ProfessorF
What's a life?
Joined: Thu Apr 23, 2009 7:56 pm Posts: 12030
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I learnt last night that the poison dart frog isn't poisonous when it's diet is controlled in such a way as not to include the alkalis that would otherwise turn them poisonous.
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Sun Aug 09, 2009 9:39 am |
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themcman1
Doesn't have much of a life
Joined: Thu Apr 23, 2009 6:54 pm Posts: 572
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That MVC is confusing.
Also, that CakePHP has a nice manual.
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Sun Aug 09, 2009 10:44 am |
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lacloss
Doesn't have much of a life
Joined: Fri Apr 24, 2009 7:48 am Posts: 1751 Location: Marbella Spain
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That I am still a damn good chef ,and it tastes good .
_________________ Life should NOT be a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving safely, but rather to skid in sideways, chocolate in one hand, wine in the other, body thoroughly used up, totally worn out and screaming... Damn, What a ride!!
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Sun Aug 09, 2009 7:31 pm |
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pcernie
Legend
Joined: Sun Apr 26, 2009 12:30 pm Posts: 45931 Location: Belfast
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The sheer scale of American college football games, as per Stephen Fry's America book - in terms of attendance, police presence etc, one college game is bigger than the FA Cup final
_________________Plain English advice on everything money, purchase and service related:
http://www.moneysavingexpert.com/
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Sun Aug 09, 2009 7:44 pm |
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Fogmeister
I haven't seen my friends in so long
Joined: Thu Apr 23, 2009 7:35 pm Posts: 6580 Location: Getting there
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Lol, yup. But when you get it right it's worth the effort.
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Mon Aug 10, 2009 7:02 am |
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John_Vella
I haven't seen my friends in so long
Joined: Fri Apr 24, 2009 7:55 am Posts: 7935 Location: Manchester.
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_________________John Vella BSc (Hons), PGCE - Still the official forum prankster and crude remarker Sorry I'll behave now. Promise
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Mon Aug 10, 2009 7:08 am |
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Fogmeister
I haven't seen my friends in so long
Joined: Thu Apr 23, 2009 7:35 pm Posts: 6580 Location: Getting there
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I can learn you what it stands for if you want and then you can have another entry! It stands for Model - View - Controller. It's a programming design pattern that separates the data and the GUI from the logic.
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Mon Aug 10, 2009 5:24 pm |
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themcman1
Doesn't have much of a life
Joined: Thu Apr 23, 2009 6:54 pm Posts: 572
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And I still can't get my head around it. More reading tomorrow by the looks of it.
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Mon Aug 10, 2009 8:32 pm |
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jonbwfc
What's a life?
Joined: Thu Apr 23, 2009 7:26 pm Posts: 17040
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I learned today that iphone applications have to have short names.
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Mon Aug 10, 2009 8:35 pm |
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Fogmeister
I haven't seen my friends in so long
Joined: Thu Apr 23, 2009 7:35 pm Posts: 6580 Location: Getting there
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What language are you working in?
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Mon Aug 10, 2009 9:23 pm |
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